diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Auth/Login/LoginCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Auth/Login/LoginCommandHandler.cs
index e74a07f..d1e8459 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Auth/Login/LoginCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Auth/Login/LoginCommandHandler.cs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ public sealed class LoginCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<LoginCommand, LoginRes
     private readonly IRolPermisoRepository _rolPermisoRepository;
     private readonly ISecurityEventLogger _security;
     private readonly ILogger<LoginCommandHandler> _logger;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
     public LoginCommandHandler(
         IUsuarioRepository repository,
@@ -33,7 +34,8 @@ public sealed class LoginCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<LoginCommand, LoginRes
         AuthOptions authOptions,
         IRolPermisoRepository rolPermisoRepository,
         ISecurityEventLogger security,
-        ILogger<LoginCommandHandler> logger)
+        ILogger<LoginCommandHandler> logger,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repository = repository;
         _hasher = hasher;
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ public sealed class LoginCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<LoginCommand, LoginRes
         _rolPermisoRepository = rolPermisoRepository;
         _security = security;
         _logger = logger;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<LoginResponseDto> Handle(LoginCommand command)
@@ -81,7 +84,7 @@ public sealed class LoginCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<LoginCommand, LoginRes
         // Generate and persist refresh token — only the hash hits the DB
         var rawRefresh = _refreshGenerator.Generate();
         var hash = TokenHasher.Sha256Base64Url(rawRefresh);
-        var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
         var ttl = TimeSpan.FromDays(_authOptions.RefreshTokenDays);
         var entity = RefreshToken.IssueForNewFamily(
             usuario.Id, hash, now, ttl,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Auth/Logout/LogoutCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Auth/Logout/LogoutCommandHandler.cs
index daf0272..22a2cde 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Auth/Logout/LogoutCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Auth/Logout/LogoutCommandHandler.cs
@@ -8,18 +8,24 @@ public sealed class LogoutCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<LogoutCommand, Logout
 {
     private readonly IRefreshTokenRepository _refreshRepo;
     private readonly ISecurityEventLogger _security;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public LogoutCommandHandler(IRefreshTokenRepository refreshRepo, ISecurityEventLogger security)
+    public LogoutCommandHandler(
+        IRefreshTokenRepository refreshRepo,
+        ISecurityEventLogger security,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _refreshRepo = refreshRepo;
         _security = security;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<LogoutResponseDto> Handle(LogoutCommand command)
     {
         // Revoke all active tokens for the user across all families.
         // Idempotent: 0 rows affected is not an error.
-        await _refreshRepo.RevokeAllActiveForUserAsync(command.UsuarioId, DateTime.UtcNow);
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        await _refreshRepo.RevokeAllActiveForUserAsync(command.UsuarioId, now);
         await _security.LogAsync("logout", "success", actorUserId: command.UsuarioId);
         return new LogoutResponseDto(true, "Sesión cerrada correctamente");
     }
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Auth/Refresh/RefreshCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Auth/Refresh/RefreshCommandHandler.cs
index b9dbbaa..b9d56e5 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Auth/Refresh/RefreshCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Auth/Refresh/RefreshCommandHandler.cs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ public sealed class RefreshCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<RefreshCommand, Refr
     private readonly IClientContext _clientCtx;
     private readonly AuthOptions _authOptions;
     private readonly ISecurityEventLogger _security;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
     public RefreshCommandHandler(
         IRefreshTokenRepository refreshRepo,
@@ -25,7 +26,8 @@ public sealed class RefreshCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<RefreshCommand, Refr
         IRefreshTokenGenerator refreshGenerator,
         IClientContext clientCtx,
         AuthOptions authOptions,
-        ISecurityEventLogger security)
+        ISecurityEventLogger security,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _refreshRepo = refreshRepo;
         _usuarioRepo = usuarioRepo;
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@ public sealed class RefreshCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<RefreshCommand, Refr
         _clientCtx = clientCtx;
         _authOptions = authOptions;
         _security = security;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<RefreshResponseDto> Handle(RefreshCommand command)
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ public sealed class RefreshCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<RefreshCommand, Refr
         if (stored is null)
             throw new InvalidRefreshTokenException();
 
-        var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
 
         // 4. Reuse detection: already revoked → chain revocation and throw
         if (stored.IsRevoked)
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Create/CreateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Create/CreateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
index 4cc9814..fe304a6 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Create/CreateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Create/CreateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ public sealed class CreateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler
 {
     private readonly IIngresosBrutosRepository _repo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public CreateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler(IIngresosBrutosRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public CreateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler(IIngresosBrutosRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit, TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<IngresosBrutosDto> Handle(CreateIngresosBrutosCommand command)
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ public sealed class CreateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler
             vigenciaDesde: entity.VigenciaDesde,
             vigenciaHasta: entity.VigenciaHasta,
             predecesorId: entity.PredecesorId,
-            fechaCreacion: DateTime.UtcNow,
+            fechaCreacion: _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime,
             fechaModificacion: null));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Deactivate/DeactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Deactivate/DeactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
index d78b769..b21b179 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Deactivate/DeactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Deactivate/DeactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ public sealed class DeactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler
 {
     private readonly IIngresosBrutosRepository _repo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public DeactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler(IIngresosBrutosRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public DeactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler(IIngresosBrutosRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit, TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<IngresosBrutosDto> Handle(DeactivateIngresosBrutosCommand command)
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ public sealed class DeactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler
 
         tx.Complete();
 
-        return IngresosBrutosMapper.ToDto(entity.Deactivate());
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        return IngresosBrutosMapper.ToDto(entity.Deactivate(now));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/NuevaVersion/NuevaVersionIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/NuevaVersion/NuevaVersionIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
index 741b93b..6131c1c 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/NuevaVersion/NuevaVersionIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/NuevaVersion/NuevaVersionIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ public sealed class NuevaVersionIngresosBrutosCommandHandler
 {
     private readonly IIngresosBrutosRepository _repo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public NuevaVersionIngresosBrutosCommandHandler(IIngresosBrutosRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public NuevaVersionIngresosBrutosCommandHandler(IIngresosBrutosRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit, TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<NuevaVersionIibbResultDto> Handle(NuevaVersionIngresosBrutosCommand command)
@@ -29,10 +31,13 @@ public sealed class NuevaVersionIngresosBrutosCommandHandler
         if (!predecesora.Activo || predecesora.VigenciaHasta is not null)
             throw new PredecesorYaCerradoException(command.PredecesoraId);
 
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+
         // Steps 3–4: domain validation + tuple creation (throws ArgumentException if vigencia invalid)
         var (predecesoraCerrada, nuevaVersion) = predecesora.NuevaVersion(
             command.NuevaAlicuota,
-            command.VigenciaDesde);
+            command.VigenciaDesde,
+            now);
 
         using var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Reactivate/ReactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Reactivate/ReactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
index 4b96bd3..c203c7e 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Reactivate/ReactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Reactivate/ReactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ public sealed class ReactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler
 {
     private readonly IIngresosBrutosRepository _repo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public ReactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler(IIngresosBrutosRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public ReactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler(IIngresosBrutosRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit, TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<IngresosBrutosDto> Handle(ReactivateIngresosBrutosCommand command)
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ public sealed class ReactivateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler
 
         tx.Complete();
 
-        return IngresosBrutosMapper.ToDto(entity.Reactivate());
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        return IngresosBrutosMapper.ToDto(entity.Reactivate(now));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Update/UpdateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Update/UpdateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
index d87e4c3..4b0ef12 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Update/UpdateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/IngresosBrutos/Update/UpdateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler.cs
@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ public sealed class UpdateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler
 {
     private readonly IIngresosBrutosRepository _repo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public UpdateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler(IIngresosBrutosRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public UpdateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler(IIngresosBrutosRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit, TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<IngresosBrutosDto> Handle(UpdateIngresosBrutosCommand command)
@@ -24,8 +26,9 @@ public sealed class UpdateIngresosBrutosCommandHandler
         var entity = await _repo.GetByIdAsync(command.Id)
             ?? throw new IngresosBrutosNotFoundException(command.Id);
 
-        var updated = entity.WithDescripcion(command.Descripcion);
-        updated = command.Activo ? updated.Reactivate() : updated.Deactivate();
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        var updated = entity.WithDescripcion(command.Descripcion, now);
+        updated = command.Activo ? updated.Reactivate(now) : updated.Deactivate(now);
 
         using var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Medios/Deactivate/DeactivateMedioCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Medios/Deactivate/DeactivateMedioCommandHandler.cs
index 7b87564..92dacc1 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Medios/Deactivate/DeactivateMedioCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Medios/Deactivate/DeactivateMedioCommandHandler.cs
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ public sealed class DeactivateMedioCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<DeactivateMe
 {
     private readonly IMedioRepository _repo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public DeactivateMedioCommandHandler(IMedioRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public DeactivateMedioCommandHandler(IMedioRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit, TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<MedioStatusDto> Handle(DeactivateMedioCommand command)
@@ -27,7 +29,8 @@ public sealed class DeactivateMedioCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<DeactivateMe
         if (!target.Activo)
             return new MedioStatusDto(target.Id, target.Codigo, target.Activo);
 
-        var updated = target.WithActivo(false);
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        var updated = target.WithActivo(false, now);
 
         using var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Medios/Reactivate/ReactivateMedioCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Medios/Reactivate/ReactivateMedioCommandHandler.cs
index d8447f9..0a7f961 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Medios/Reactivate/ReactivateMedioCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Medios/Reactivate/ReactivateMedioCommandHandler.cs
@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ public sealed class ReactivateMedioCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<ReactivateMe
 {
     private readonly IMedioRepository _repo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public ReactivateMedioCommandHandler(IMedioRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public ReactivateMedioCommandHandler(IMedioRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit, TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<MedioStatusDto> Handle(ReactivateMedioCommand command)
@@ -28,7 +30,8 @@ public sealed class ReactivateMedioCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<ReactivateMe
         if (target.Activo)
             return new MedioStatusDto(target.Id, target.Codigo, target.Activo);
 
-        var updated = target.WithActivo(true);
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        var updated = target.WithActivo(true, now);
 
         using var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Medios/Update/UpdateMedioCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Medios/Update/UpdateMedioCommandHandler.cs
index 51e58fd..b3f8d8d 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Medios/Update/UpdateMedioCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Medios/Update/UpdateMedioCommandHandler.cs
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ public sealed class UpdateMedioCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<UpdateMedioComma
 {
     private readonly IMedioRepository _repo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public UpdateMedioCommandHandler(IMedioRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public UpdateMedioCommandHandler(IMedioRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit, TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<MedioUpdatedDto> Handle(UpdateMedioCommand command)
@@ -23,7 +25,8 @@ public sealed class UpdateMedioCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<UpdateMedioComma
         var target = await _repo.GetByIdAsync(command.Id)
             ?? throw new MedioNotFoundException(command.Id);
 
-        var updated = target.WithUpdatedProfile(command.Nombre, command.Tipo, command.PlataformaEmpresaId);
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        var updated = target.WithUpdatedProfile(command.Nombre, command.Tipo, command.PlataformaEmpresaId, now);
 
         using var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/PuntosDeVenta/Deactivate/DeactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/PuntosDeVenta/Deactivate/DeactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler.cs
index 87fc908..bfd0cfe 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/PuntosDeVenta/Deactivate/DeactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/PuntosDeVenta/Deactivate/DeactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler.cs
@@ -12,15 +12,18 @@ public sealed class DeactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Deact
     private readonly IPuntoDeVentaRepository _repo;
     private readonly IMedioRepository _medioRepo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
     public DeactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler(
         IPuntoDeVentaRepository repo,
         IMedioRepository medioRepo,
-        IAuditLogger audit)
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _medioRepo = medioRepo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<PuntoDeVentaStatusDto> Handle(DeactivatePuntoDeVentaCommand command)
@@ -32,7 +35,8 @@ public sealed class DeactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Deact
         if (!target.Activo)
             return new PuntoDeVentaStatusDto(target.Id, target.NumeroAFIP, target.Activo);
 
-        var updated = target.WithActivo(false);
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        var updated = target.WithActivo(false, now);
 
         using var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/PuntosDeVenta/Reactivate/ReactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/PuntosDeVenta/Reactivate/ReactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler.cs
index 6ea1e69..69472ce 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/PuntosDeVenta/Reactivate/ReactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/PuntosDeVenta/Reactivate/ReactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler.cs
@@ -13,15 +13,18 @@ public sealed class ReactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<React
     private readonly IPuntoDeVentaRepository _repo;
     private readonly IMedioRepository _medioRepo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
     public ReactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler(
         IPuntoDeVentaRepository repo,
         IMedioRepository medioRepo,
-        IAuditLogger audit)
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _medioRepo = medioRepo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<PuntoDeVentaStatusDto> Handle(ReactivatePuntoDeVentaCommand command)
@@ -39,7 +42,8 @@ public sealed class ReactivatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<React
         if (target.Activo)
             return new PuntoDeVentaStatusDto(target.Id, target.NumeroAFIP, target.Activo);
 
-        var updated = target.WithActivo(true);
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        var updated = target.WithActivo(true, now);
 
         using var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/PuntosDeVenta/Update/UpdatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/PuntosDeVenta/Update/UpdatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler.cs
index 8daf0c0..64139e4 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/PuntosDeVenta/Update/UpdatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/PuntosDeVenta/Update/UpdatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler.cs
@@ -12,15 +12,18 @@ public sealed class UpdatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<UpdatePun
     private readonly IPuntoDeVentaRepository _repo;
     private readonly IMedioRepository _medioRepo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
     public UpdatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler(
         IPuntoDeVentaRepository repo,
         IMedioRepository medioRepo,
-        IAuditLogger audit)
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _medioRepo = medioRepo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<PuntoDeVentaUpdatedDto> Handle(UpdatePuntoDeVentaCommand command)
@@ -39,7 +42,8 @@ public sealed class UpdatePuntoDeVentaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<UpdatePun
         if (exists)
             throw new NumeroAFIPDuplicadoException(target.MedioId, command.NumeroAFIP);
 
-        var updated = target.WithUpdatedProfile(command.Nombre, command.NumeroAFIP, command.Descripcion);
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        var updated = target.WithUpdatedProfile(command.Nombre, command.NumeroAFIP, command.Descripcion, now);
 
         using var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Secciones/Deactivate/DeactivateSeccionCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Secciones/Deactivate/DeactivateSeccionCommandHandler.cs
index 978f6a8..062652f 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Secciones/Deactivate/DeactivateSeccionCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Secciones/Deactivate/DeactivateSeccionCommandHandler.cs
@@ -12,12 +12,18 @@ public sealed class DeactivateSeccionCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Deactivate
     private readonly ISeccionRepository _repo;
     private readonly IMedioRepository _medioRepo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public DeactivateSeccionCommandHandler(ISeccionRepository repo, IMedioRepository medioRepo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public DeactivateSeccionCommandHandler(
+        ISeccionRepository repo,
+        IMedioRepository medioRepo,
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _medioRepo = medioRepo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<SeccionStatusDto> Handle(DeactivateSeccionCommand command)
@@ -35,7 +41,8 @@ public sealed class DeactivateSeccionCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Deactivate
         if (!target.Activo)
             return new SeccionStatusDto(target.Id, target.Codigo, target.Activo);
 
-        var updated = target.WithActivo(false);
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        var updated = target.WithActivo(false, now);
 
         using var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Secciones/Reactivate/ReactivateSeccionCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Secciones/Reactivate/ReactivateSeccionCommandHandler.cs
index 23e4fbb..7af8f53 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Secciones/Reactivate/ReactivateSeccionCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Secciones/Reactivate/ReactivateSeccionCommandHandler.cs
@@ -13,12 +13,18 @@ public sealed class ReactivateSeccionCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Reactivate
     private readonly ISeccionRepository _repo;
     private readonly IMedioRepository _medioRepo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public ReactivateSeccionCommandHandler(ISeccionRepository repo, IMedioRepository medioRepo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public ReactivateSeccionCommandHandler(
+        ISeccionRepository repo,
+        IMedioRepository medioRepo,
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _medioRepo = medioRepo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<SeccionStatusDto> Handle(ReactivateSeccionCommand command)
@@ -36,7 +42,8 @@ public sealed class ReactivateSeccionCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Reactivate
         if (target.Activo)
             return new SeccionStatusDto(target.Id, target.Codigo, target.Activo);
 
-        var updated = target.WithActivo(true);
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        var updated = target.WithActivo(true, now);
 
         using var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Secciones/Update/UpdateSeccionCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Secciones/Update/UpdateSeccionCommandHandler.cs
index dc99bf0..9274bc9 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Secciones/Update/UpdateSeccionCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Secciones/Update/UpdateSeccionCommandHandler.cs
@@ -12,12 +12,18 @@ public sealed class UpdateSeccionCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<UpdateSeccionC
     private readonly ISeccionRepository _repo;
     private readonly IMedioRepository _medioRepo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public UpdateSeccionCommandHandler(ISeccionRepository repo, IMedioRepository medioRepo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public UpdateSeccionCommandHandler(
+        ISeccionRepository repo,
+        IMedioRepository medioRepo,
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _medioRepo = medioRepo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<SeccionUpdatedDto> Handle(UpdateSeccionCommand command)
@@ -31,7 +37,8 @@ public sealed class UpdateSeccionCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<UpdateSeccionC
         if (!medio.Activo)
             throw new MedioInactivoException(medio.Id);
 
-        var updated = target.WithUpdatedProfile(command.Nombre, command.Tipo);
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        var updated = target.WithUpdatedProfile(command.Nombre, command.Tipo, now);
 
         using var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Create/CreateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Create/CreateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
index 3adfc11..c0affb6 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Create/CreateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Create/CreateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ public sealed class CreateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<CreateTipoDe
 {
     private readonly ITipoDeIvaRepository _repo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public CreateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler(ITipoDeIvaRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public CreateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler(ITipoDeIvaRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit, TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<TipoDeIvaDto> Handle(CreateTipoDeIvaCommand command)
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ public sealed class CreateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<CreateTipoDe
             vigenciaDesde: entity.VigenciaDesde,
             vigenciaHasta: entity.VigenciaHasta,
             predecesorId: entity.PredecesorId,
-            fechaCreacion: DateTime.UtcNow,
+            fechaCreacion: _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime,
             fechaModificacion: null));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Deactivate/DeactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Deactivate/DeactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
index 5759f31..b74fb2a 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Deactivate/DeactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Deactivate/DeactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ public sealed class DeactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Deactiva
 {
     private readonly ITipoDeIvaRepository _repo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public DeactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler(ITipoDeIvaRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public DeactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler(ITipoDeIvaRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit, TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<TipoDeIvaDto> Handle(DeactivateTipoDeIvaCommand command)
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ public sealed class DeactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Deactiva
 
         tx.Complete();
 
-        return TipoDeIvaMapper.ToDto(entity.Deactivate());
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        return TipoDeIvaMapper.ToDto(entity.Deactivate(now));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/NuevaVersion/NuevaVersionTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/NuevaVersion/NuevaVersionTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
index 5ea4034..525be23 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/NuevaVersion/NuevaVersionTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/NuevaVersion/NuevaVersionTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ public sealed class NuevaVersionTipoDeIvaCommandHandler
 {
     private readonly ITipoDeIvaRepository _repo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public NuevaVersionTipoDeIvaCommandHandler(ITipoDeIvaRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public NuevaVersionTipoDeIvaCommandHandler(ITipoDeIvaRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit, TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<NuevaVersionResultDto> Handle(NuevaVersionTipoDeIvaCommand command)
@@ -29,10 +31,13 @@ public sealed class NuevaVersionTipoDeIvaCommandHandler
         if (!predecesora.Activo || predecesora.VigenciaHasta is not null)
             throw new PredecesorYaCerradoException(command.PredecesoraId);
 
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+
         // Steps 3–4: delegate validation + tuple creation to domain (throws ArgumentException on invalid vigencia)
         var (predecesoraCerrada, nuevaVersion) = predecesora.NuevaVersion(
             command.NuevoPorcentaje,
-            command.VigenciaDesde);
+            command.VigenciaDesde,
+            now);
 
         using var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Reactivate/ReactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Reactivate/ReactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
index 2a2ab9a..7a617b7 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Reactivate/ReactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Reactivate/ReactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ public sealed class ReactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Reactiva
 {
     private readonly ITipoDeIvaRepository _repo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public ReactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler(ITipoDeIvaRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public ReactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler(ITipoDeIvaRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit, TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<TipoDeIvaDto> Handle(ReactivateTipoDeIvaCommand command)
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ public sealed class ReactivateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Reactiva
 
         tx.Complete();
 
-        return TipoDeIvaMapper.ToDto(entity.Reactivate());
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        return TipoDeIvaMapper.ToDto(entity.Reactivate(now));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Update/UpdateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Update/UpdateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
index d264293..c45818c 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Update/UpdateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/TiposDeIva/Update/UpdateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler.cs
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ public sealed class UpdateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<UpdateTipoDe
 {
     private readonly ITipoDeIvaRepository _repo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public UpdateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler(ITipoDeIvaRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public UpdateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler(ITipoDeIvaRepository repo, IAuditLogger audit, TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repo = repo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<TipoDeIvaDto> Handle(UpdateTipoDeIvaCommand command)
@@ -23,15 +25,16 @@ public sealed class UpdateTipoDeIvaCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<UpdateTipoDe
         var entity = await _repo.GetByIdAsync(command.Id)
             ?? throw new TipoDeIvaNotFoundException(command.Id);
 
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
         var updated = entity
-            .WithCodigo(command.Codigo)
-            .WithDescripcion(command.Descripcion)
-            .WithAplicaIVA(command.AplicaIVA);
+            .WithCodigo(command.Codigo, now)
+            .WithDescripcion(command.Descripcion, now)
+            .WithAplicaIVA(command.AplicaIVA, now);
 
         // Apply Activo change if needed
         updated = command.Activo
-            ? updated.Reactivate()
-            : updated.Deactivate();
+            ? updated.Reactivate(now)
+            : updated.Deactivate(now);
 
         using var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Deactivate/DeactivateUsuarioCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Deactivate/DeactivateUsuarioCommandHandler.cs
index 0812211..d9fcd2e 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Deactivate/DeactivateUsuarioCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Deactivate/DeactivateUsuarioCommandHandler.cs
@@ -13,15 +13,18 @@ public sealed class DeactivateUsuarioCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Deactivate
     private readonly IUsuarioRepository _repository;
     private readonly IRefreshTokenRepository _refreshTokenRepository;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
     public DeactivateUsuarioCommandHandler(
         IUsuarioRepository repository,
         IRefreshTokenRepository refreshTokenRepository,
-        IAuditLogger audit)
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repository = repository;
         _refreshTokenRepository = refreshTokenRepository;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<UsuarioDetailDto> Handle(DeactivateUsuarioCommand cmd)
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@ public sealed class DeactivateUsuarioCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Deactivate
             throw new LastAdminLockoutException();
 
         var fields = new UpdateUsuarioFields(target.Nombre, target.Apellido, target.Email, target.Rol, false);
-        var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
 
         using (var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Permisos/UpdateUsuarioPermisosOverridesCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Permisos/UpdateUsuarioPermisosOverridesCommandHandler.cs
index f114285..47e8905 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Permisos/UpdateUsuarioPermisosOverridesCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Permisos/UpdateUsuarioPermisosOverridesCommandHandler.cs
@@ -18,17 +18,20 @@ public sealed class UpdateUsuarioPermisosOverridesCommandHandler
     private readonly IRolPermisoRepository _rolPermisoRepo;
     private readonly IPermisoRepository _permisoRepo;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
     public UpdateUsuarioPermisosOverridesCommandHandler(
         IUsuarioRepository usuarioRepo,
         IRolPermisoRepository rolPermisoRepo,
         IPermisoRepository permisoRepo,
-        IAuditLogger audit)
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _usuarioRepo = usuarioRepo;
         _rolPermisoRepo = rolPermisoRepo;
         _permisoRepo = permisoRepo;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<UsuarioPermisosDto> Handle(UpdateUsuarioPermisosOverridesCommand command)
@@ -59,7 +62,8 @@ public sealed class UpdateUsuarioPermisosOverridesCommandHandler
         // 4. Persist — use WithPermisosJson to get updated FechaModificacion
         var newOverrides = new PermisosOverride(grant, deny);
         var previousOverrides = PermisosOverride.FromJson(usuario.PermisosJson);
-        var updated = usuario.WithPermisosJson(newOverrides.ToJson());
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        var updated = usuario.WithPermisosJson(newOverrides.ToJson(), now);
 
         using (var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Reactivate/ReactivateUsuarioCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Reactivate/ReactivateUsuarioCommandHandler.cs
index c89a473..4c73270 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Reactivate/ReactivateUsuarioCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Reactivate/ReactivateUsuarioCommandHandler.cs
@@ -12,11 +12,16 @@ public sealed class ReactivateUsuarioCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Reactivate
 {
     private readonly IUsuarioRepository _repository;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
-    public ReactivateUsuarioCommandHandler(IUsuarioRepository repository, IAuditLogger audit)
+    public ReactivateUsuarioCommandHandler(
+        IUsuarioRepository repository,
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repository = repository;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<UsuarioDetailDto> Handle(ReactivateUsuarioCommand cmd)
@@ -34,7 +39,7 @@ public sealed class ReactivateUsuarioCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<Reactivate
         }
 
         var fields = new UpdateUsuarioFields(target.Nombre, target.Apellido, target.Email, target.Rol, true);
-        var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
 
         using (var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/ResetPassword/ResetUsuarioPasswordCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/ResetPassword/ResetUsuarioPasswordCommandHandler.cs
index 9af9620..5262dcf 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/ResetPassword/ResetUsuarioPasswordCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/ResetPassword/ResetUsuarioPasswordCommandHandler.cs
@@ -14,17 +14,20 @@ public sealed class ResetUsuarioPasswordCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<ResetUs
     private readonly IPasswordHasher _hasher;
     private readonly IRefreshTokenRepository _refreshTokenRepository;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
     public ResetUsuarioPasswordCommandHandler(
         IUsuarioRepository repository,
         IPasswordHasher hasher,
         IRefreshTokenRepository refreshTokenRepository,
-        IAuditLogger audit)
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repository = repository;
         _hasher = hasher;
         _refreshTokenRepository = refreshTokenRepository;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<ResetUsuarioPasswordResponse> Handle(ResetUsuarioPasswordCommand cmd)
@@ -45,8 +48,9 @@ public sealed class ResetUsuarioPasswordCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<ResetUs
             new TransactionOptions { IsolationLevel = IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted },
             TransactionScopeAsyncFlowOption.Enabled);
 
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
         await _repository.UpdatePasswordAsync(cmd.TargetId, hash, mustChangePassword: true);
-        await _refreshTokenRepository.RevokeAllActiveForUserAsync(cmd.TargetId, DateTime.UtcNow);
+        await _refreshTokenRepository.RevokeAllActiveForUserAsync(cmd.TargetId, now);
 
         await _audit.LogAsync(
             action: "usuario.password_reset",
diff --git a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Update/UpdateUsuarioCommandHandler.cs b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Update/UpdateUsuarioCommandHandler.cs
index f38203d..d5462ba 100644
--- a/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Update/UpdateUsuarioCommandHandler.cs
+++ b/src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Usuarios/Update/UpdateUsuarioCommandHandler.cs
@@ -14,17 +14,20 @@ public sealed class UpdateUsuarioCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<UpdateUsuarioC
     private readonly IRolRepository _rolRepository;
     private readonly IRefreshTokenRepository _refreshTokenRepository;
     private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
 
     public UpdateUsuarioCommandHandler(
         IUsuarioRepository repository,
         IRolRepository rolRepository,
         IRefreshTokenRepository refreshTokenRepository,
-        IAuditLogger audit)
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
     {
         _repository = repository;
         _rolRepository = rolRepository;
         _refreshTokenRepository = refreshTokenRepository;
         _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
     }
 
     public async Task<UsuarioDetailDto> Handle(UpdateUsuarioCommand cmd)
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ public sealed class UpdateUsuarioCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<UpdateUsuarioC
         }
 
         var fields = new UpdateUsuarioFields(cmd.Nombre, cmd.Apellido, cmd.Email, cmd.Rol, cmd.Activo);
-        var now = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
 
         using (var tx = new TransactionScope(
             TransactionScopeOption.Required,