feat(application): Rubros commands/queries + RubroTreeBuilder + audit (CAT-001)

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Abstractions/Persistence/IRubroRepository.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Entities;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions.Persistence;
+
+public interface IRubroRepository
+{
+    Task<int> AddAsync(Rubro rubro, CancellationToken ct = default);
+    Task<Rubro?> GetByIdAsync(int id, CancellationToken ct = default);
+    Task<IReadOnlyList<Rubro>> GetAllAsync(bool incluirInactivos, CancellationToken ct = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns all descendants of rootId via recursive CTE (used only by MoveRubro for cycle detection).
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<IReadOnlyList<Rubro>> GetDescendantsAsync(int rootId, CancellationToken ct = default);
+
+    Task UpdateAsync(Rubro rubro, CancellationToken ct = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns the count of active children for the given parentId.
+    /// Used by soft-delete to guard against deleting non-leaf rubros.
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<int> CountActiveChildrenAsync(int id, CancellationToken ct = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns MAX(Orden)+1 among siblings of the given parentId (0 if no siblings).
+    /// Used for append-on-create ordering.
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<int> GetMaxOrdenAsync(int? parentId, CancellationToken ct = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns true if an active Rubro with the same Nombre (CI) exists under the same parentId,
+    /// optionally excluding the Rubro with the given id (for rename operations).
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<bool> ExistsByNombreUnderParentAsync(int? parentId, string nombre, int? excludeId, CancellationToken ct = default);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns the depth of the given parentId (0 if parentId is null = root level).
+    /// Uses a recursive CTE going upward through ancestors.
+    /// </summary>
+    Task<int> GetDepthAsync(int? parentId, CancellationToken ct = default);
+}

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Common/RubroTreeBuilder.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+using SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Dtos;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Entities;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Common;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Builds an N-ary tree from a flat list of Rubro entities in O(n) time.
+/// Algorithm: (1) optionally filter inactivos, (2) group by ParentId into a dictionary,
+/// (3) recursively assemble roots (ParentId==null) attaching children sorted by Orden ASC.
+/// </summary>
+public static class RubroTreeBuilder
+{
+    public static IReadOnlyList<RubroTreeNodeDto> Build(
+        IEnumerable<Rubro> flat,
+        bool incluirInactivos)
+    {
+        var filtered = incluirInactivos
+            ? flat.ToList()
+            : flat.Where(r => r.Activo).ToList();
+
+        // Group by ParentId → each bucket sorted by Orden ASC
+        // Use ToLookup (handles the int? key safely) instead of ToDictionary
+        var byParent = filtered.ToLookup(r => r.ParentId);
+
+        RubroTreeNodeDto Map(Rubro r)
+        {
+            var children = byParent[(int?)r.Id]
+                .OrderBy(x => x.Orden)
+                .Select(Map)
+                .ToList();
+
+            return new RubroTreeNodeDto(
+                Id: r.Id,
+                Nombre: r.Nombre,
+                Orden: r.Orden,
+                Activo: r.Activo,
+                ParentId: r.ParentId,
+                TarifarioBaseId: r.TarifarioBaseId,
+                Hijos: children);
+        }
+
+        return byParent[null]
+            .OrderBy(r => r.Orden)
+            .Select(Map)
+            .ToList();
+    }
+}

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Create/CreateRubroCommand.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Create;
+
+public sealed record CreateRubroCommand(
+    string Nombre,
+    int? ParentId,
+    int? TarifarioBaseId);

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Create/CreateRubroCommandHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+using System.Transactions;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions.Persistence;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Audit;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Entities;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Exceptions;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Create;
+
+public sealed class CreateRubroCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<CreateRubroCommand, RubroCreatedDto>
+{
+    private readonly IRubroRepository _repo;
+    private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
+    private readonly RubrosOptions _options;
+
+    public CreateRubroCommandHandler(
+        IRubroRepository repo,
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider,
+        IOptions<RubrosOptions> options)
+    {
+        _repo = repo;
+        _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
+        _options = options.Value;
+    }
+
+    public async Task<RubroCreatedDto> Handle(CreateRubroCommand command)
+    {
+        // Validate parent exists and is active (if provided)
+        if (command.ParentId.HasValue)
+        {
+            var parent = await _repo.GetByIdAsync(command.ParentId.Value);
+            if (parent is null)
+                throw new RubroNotFoundException(command.ParentId.Value);
+            if (!parent.Activo)
+                throw new RubroPadreInactivoException(command.ParentId.Value);
+
+            // Depth check: parent's depth + 1 must not exceed MaxDepth
+            var parentDepth = await _repo.GetDepthAsync(command.ParentId);
+            var newDepth = parentDepth + 1;
+            if (newDepth > _options.MaxDepth)
+                throw new RubroMaxDepthExceededException(newDepth, _options.MaxDepth);
+        }
+
+        // Duplicate name check (CI) under same parent
+        var exists = await _repo.ExistsByNombreUnderParentAsync(command.ParentId, command.Nombre, excludeId: null);
+        if (exists)
+            throw new RubroNombreDuplicadoEnPadreException(command.Nombre, command.ParentId);
+
+        // Determine Orden = MAX+1 among siblings
+        var orden = await _repo.GetMaxOrdenAsync(command.ParentId);
+
+        var now = _timeProvider.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime;
+        var rubro = Rubro.ForCreation(command.Nombre, command.ParentId, orden, command.TarifarioBaseId, _timeProvider);
+
+        using var tx = new TransactionScope(
+            TransactionScopeOption.Required,
+            new TransactionOptions { IsolationLevel = System.Transactions.IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted },
+            TransactionScopeAsyncFlowOption.Enabled);
+
+        var newId = await _repo.AddAsync(rubro);
+
+        await _audit.LogAsync(
+            action: "rubro.created",
+            targetType: "Rubro",
+            targetId: newId.ToString(),
+            metadata: new
+            {
+                after = new
+                {
+                    rubro.Nombre,
+                    rubro.ParentId,
+                    rubro.Orden,
+                    rubro.TarifarioBaseId,
+                },
+            });
+
+        tx.Complete();
+
+        return new RubroCreatedDto(
+            Id: newId,
+            Nombre: rubro.Nombre,
+            ParentId: rubro.ParentId,
+            Orden: rubro.Orden,
+            Activo: rubro.Activo,
+            TarifarioBaseId: rubro.TarifarioBaseId);
+    }
+}

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Create/RubroCreatedDto.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Create;
+
+public sealed record RubroCreatedDto(
+    int Id,
+    string Nombre,
+    int? ParentId,
+    int Orden,
+    bool Activo,
+    int? TarifarioBaseId);

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Deactivate/DeactivateRubroCommand.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Deactivate;
+
+public sealed record DeactivateRubroCommand(int Id);

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Deactivate/DeactivateRubroCommandHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+using System.Transactions;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions.Persistence;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Audit;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Exceptions;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Deactivate;
+
+public sealed class DeactivateRubroCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<DeactivateRubroCommand, RubroStatusDto>
+{
+    private readonly IRubroRepository _repo;
+    private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
+
+    public DeactivateRubroCommandHandler(
+        IRubroRepository repo,
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
+    {
+        _repo = repo;
+        _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
+    }
+
+    public async Task<RubroStatusDto> Handle(DeactivateRubroCommand command)
+    {
+        var target = await _repo.GetByIdAsync(command.Id)
+            ?? throw new RubroNotFoundException(command.Id);
+
+        var activeChildren = await _repo.CountActiveChildrenAsync(command.Id);
+        if (activeChildren > 0)
+            throw new RubroTieneHijosActivosException(command.Id, activeChildren);
+
+        var deactivated = target.WithActivo(false, _timeProvider);
+
+        using var tx = new TransactionScope(
+            TransactionScopeOption.Required,
+            new TransactionOptions { IsolationLevel = System.Transactions.IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted },
+            TransactionScopeAsyncFlowOption.Enabled);
+
+        await _repo.UpdateAsync(deactivated);
+
+        await _audit.LogAsync(
+            action: "rubro.deleted",
+            targetType: "Rubro",
+            targetId: command.Id.ToString(),
+            metadata: new
+            {
+                rubroId = command.Id,
+                nombre = target.Nombre,
+                activeChildrenCount = 0,
+            });
+
+        tx.Complete();
+
+        return new RubroStatusDto(Id: deactivated.Id, Activo: deactivated.Activo);
+    }
+}

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Deactivate/RubroStatusDto.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Deactivate;
+
+public sealed record RubroStatusDto(int Id, bool Activo);

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Dtos/RubroTreeNodeDto.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Dtos;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Represents a single node in the N-ary Rubro tree returned by GetRubroTreeQuery.
+/// </summary>
+public sealed record RubroTreeNodeDto(
+    int Id,
+    string Nombre,
+    int Orden,
+    bool Activo,
+    int? ParentId,
+    int? TarifarioBaseId,
+    IReadOnlyList<RubroTreeNodeDto> Hijos);

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/GetById/GetRubroByIdQuery.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.GetById;
+
+public sealed record GetRubroByIdQuery(int Id);

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/GetById/GetRubroByIdQueryHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions.Persistence;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Exceptions;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.GetById;
+
+public sealed class GetRubroByIdQueryHandler : ICommandHandler<GetRubroByIdQuery, RubroDetailDto>
+{
+    private readonly IRubroRepository _repo;
+
+    public GetRubroByIdQueryHandler(IRubroRepository repo)
+    {
+        _repo = repo;
+    }
+
+    public async Task<RubroDetailDto> Handle(GetRubroByIdQuery query)
+    {
+        var rubro = await _repo.GetByIdAsync(query.Id)
+            ?? throw new RubroNotFoundException(query.Id);
+
+        return new RubroDetailDto(
+            Id: rubro.Id,
+            Nombre: rubro.Nombre,
+            ParentId: rubro.ParentId,
+            Orden: rubro.Orden,
+            Activo: rubro.Activo,
+            TarifarioBaseId: rubro.TarifarioBaseId,
+            FechaCreacion: rubro.FechaCreacion,
+            FechaModificacion: rubro.FechaModificacion);
+    }
+}

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/GetById/RubroDetailDto.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.GetById;
+
+public sealed record RubroDetailDto(
+    int Id,
+    string Nombre,
+    int? ParentId,
+    int Orden,
+    bool Activo,
+    int? TarifarioBaseId,
+    DateTime FechaCreacion,
+    DateTime? FechaModificacion);

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/GetTree/GetRubroTreeQuery.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.GetTree;
+
+public sealed record GetRubroTreeQuery(bool IncluirInactivos);

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/GetTree/GetRubroTreeQueryHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions.Persistence;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Common;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Dtos;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.GetTree;
+
+public sealed class GetRubroTreeQueryHandler : ICommandHandler<GetRubroTreeQuery, IReadOnlyList<RubroTreeNodeDto>>
+{
+    private readonly IRubroRepository _repo;
+
+    public GetRubroTreeQueryHandler(IRubroRepository repo)
+    {
+        _repo = repo;
+    }
+
+    public async Task<IReadOnlyList<RubroTreeNodeDto>> Handle(GetRubroTreeQuery query)
+    {
+        var all = await _repo.GetAllAsync(query.IncluirInactivos);
+        return RubroTreeBuilder.Build(all, query.IncluirInactivos);
+    }
+}

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Move/MoveRubroCommand.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Move;
+
+public sealed record MoveRubroCommand(int Id, int? NuevoParentId, int NuevoOrden);

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Move/MoveRubroCommandHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+using System.Transactions;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions.Persistence;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Audit;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Exceptions;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Move;
+
+public sealed class MoveRubroCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<MoveRubroCommand, RubroMovedDto>
+{
+    private readonly IRubroRepository _repo;
+    private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
+    private readonly RubrosOptions _options;
+
+    public MoveRubroCommandHandler(
+        IRubroRepository repo,
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider,
+        IOptions<RubrosOptions> options)
+    {
+        _repo = repo;
+        _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
+        _options = options.Value;
+    }
+
+    public async Task<RubroMovedDto> Handle(MoveRubroCommand command)
+    {
+        var target = await _repo.GetByIdAsync(command.Id)
+            ?? throw new RubroNotFoundException(command.Id);
+
+        var anteriorParentId = target.ParentId;
+
+        // Cycle check: nuevoParentId must not be in descendants of target
+        if (command.NuevoParentId.HasValue)
+        {
+            var descendants = await _repo.GetDescendantsAsync(command.Id);
+            if (descendants.Any(d => d.Id == command.NuevoParentId.Value))
+                throw new RubroCycleDetectedException(command.Id, command.NuevoParentId.Value);
+
+            // New parent must exist and be active
+            var newParent = await _repo.GetByIdAsync(command.NuevoParentId.Value)
+                ?? throw new RubroNotFoundException(command.NuevoParentId.Value);
+
+            if (!newParent.Activo)
+                throw new RubroPadreInactivoException(command.NuevoParentId.Value);
+
+            // Depth check
+            var parentDepth = await _repo.GetDepthAsync(command.NuevoParentId);
+            var newDepth = parentDepth + 1;
+            if (newDepth > _options.MaxDepth)
+                throw new RubroMaxDepthExceededException(newDepth, _options.MaxDepth);
+        }
+
+        // Duplicate name check under new parent (excluding self)
+        var exists = await _repo.ExistsByNombreUnderParentAsync(command.NuevoParentId, target.Nombre, excludeId: command.Id);
+        if (exists)
+            throw new RubroNombreDuplicadoEnPadreException(target.Nombre, command.NuevoParentId);
+
+        var moved = target.WithMoved(command.NuevoParentId, command.NuevoOrden, _timeProvider);
+
+        using var tx = new TransactionScope(
+            TransactionScopeOption.Required,
+            new TransactionOptions { IsolationLevel = System.Transactions.IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted },
+            TransactionScopeAsyncFlowOption.Enabled);
+
+        await _repo.UpdateAsync(moved);
+
+        await _audit.LogAsync(
+            action: "rubro.moved",
+            targetType: "Rubro",
+            targetId: command.Id.ToString(),
+            metadata: new
+            {
+                anteriorParentId,
+                nuevoParentId = command.NuevoParentId,
+                anteriorOrden = target.Orden,
+                nuevoOrden = command.NuevoOrden,
+            });
+
+        tx.Complete();
+
+        return new RubroMovedDto(
+            Id: moved.Id,
+            Nombre: moved.Nombre,
+            ParentId: moved.ParentId,
+            Orden: moved.Orden,
+            Activo: moved.Activo);
+    }
+}

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Move/RubroMovedDto.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Move;
+
+public sealed record RubroMovedDto(
+    int Id,
+    string Nombre,
+    int? ParentId,
+    int Orden,
+    bool Activo);

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Update/RubroUpdatedDto.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Update;
+
+public sealed record RubroUpdatedDto(
+    int Id,
+    string Nombre,
+    int? ParentId,
+    int Orden,
+    bool Activo,
+    int? TarifarioBaseId);

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Update/UpdateRubroCommand.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Update;
+
+public sealed record UpdateRubroCommand(int Id, string Nombre);

src/api/SIGCM2.Application/Rubros/Update/UpdateRubroCommandHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+using System.Transactions;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions.Persistence;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Audit;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Entities;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Exceptions;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Update;
+
+public sealed class UpdateRubroCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<UpdateRubroCommand, RubroUpdatedDto>
+{
+    private readonly IRubroRepository _repo;
+    private readonly IAuditLogger _audit;
+    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
+
+    public UpdateRubroCommandHandler(
+        IRubroRepository repo,
+        IAuditLogger audit,
+        TimeProvider timeProvider)
+    {
+        _repo = repo;
+        _audit = audit;
+        _timeProvider = timeProvider;
+    }
+
+    public async Task<RubroUpdatedDto> Handle(UpdateRubroCommand command)
+    {
+        var target = await _repo.GetByIdAsync(command.Id)
+            ?? throw new RubroNotFoundException(command.Id);
+
+        // Duplicate name check (CI, excluding self)
+        var exists = await _repo.ExistsByNombreUnderParentAsync(target.ParentId, command.Nombre, excludeId: command.Id);
+        if (exists)
+            throw new RubroNombreDuplicadoEnPadreException(command.Nombre, target.ParentId);
+
+        var updated = target.WithRenamed(command.Nombre, _timeProvider);
+
+        using var tx = new TransactionScope(
+            TransactionScopeOption.Required,
+            new TransactionOptions { IsolationLevel = System.Transactions.IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted },
+            TransactionScopeAsyncFlowOption.Enabled);
+
+        await _repo.UpdateAsync(updated);
+
+        await _audit.LogAsync(
+            action: "rubro.updated",
+            targetType: "Rubro",
+            targetId: command.Id.ToString(),
+            metadata: new
+            {
+                before = new { target.Nombre },
+                after = new { updated.Nombre },
+            });
+
+        tx.Complete();
+
+        return new RubroUpdatedDto(
+            Id: updated.Id,
+            Nombre: updated.Nombre,
+            ParentId: updated.ParentId,
+            Orden: updated.Orden,
+            Activo: updated.Activo,
+            TarifarioBaseId: updated.TarifarioBaseId);
+    }
+}

tests/SIGCM2.Application.Tests/Rubros/Create/CreateRubroCommandHandlerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+using FluentAssertions;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Time.Testing;
+using NSubstitute;
+using NSubstitute.ExceptionExtensions;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions.Persistence;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Audit;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Rubros;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Create;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Entities;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Exceptions;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Tests.Rubros.Create;
+
+public class CreateRubroCommandHandlerTests
+{
+    private readonly IRubroRepository _repo = Substitute.For<IRubroRepository>();
+    private readonly IAuditLogger _audit = Substitute.For<IAuditLogger>();
+    private readonly FakeTimeProvider _timeProvider = new(new DateTimeOffset(2026, 4, 18, 12, 0, 0, TimeSpan.Zero));
+    private readonly IOptions<RubrosOptions> _options = Options.Create(new RubrosOptions { MaxDepth = 10 });
+    private readonly CreateRubroCommandHandler _handler;
+
+    public CreateRubroCommandHandlerTests()
+    {
+        _repo.ExistsByNombreUnderParentAsync(Arg.Any<int?>(), Arg.Any<string>(), Arg.Any<int?>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(false);
+        _repo.GetMaxOrdenAsync(Arg.Any<int?>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(0);
+        _repo.AddAsync(Arg.Any<Rubro>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(1);
+        _repo.GetDepthAsync(Arg.Any<int?>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(0);
+
+        _handler = new CreateRubroCommandHandler(_repo, _audit, _timeProvider, _options);
+    }
+
+    private static CreateRubroCommand RootCommand() => new("Autos", ParentId: null, TarifarioBaseId: null);
+    private static CreateRubroCommand ChildCommand(int parentId) => new("Sedanes", ParentId: parentId, TarifarioBaseId: null);
+
+    // ── Happy path: root ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_HappyPath_Root_ReturnsIdFromRepository()
+    {
+        _repo.AddAsync(Arg.Any<Rubro>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(42);
+
+        var result = await _handler.Handle(RootCommand());
+
+        result.Id.Should().Be(42);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_HappyPath_Root_CallsAddAsync()
+    {
+        await _handler.Handle(RootCommand());
+
+        await _repo.Received(1).AddAsync(
+            Arg.Is<Rubro>(r => r.Nombre == "Autos" && r.ParentId == null),
+            Arg.Any<CancellationToken>());
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_HappyPath_Root_CallsAuditLog()
+    {
+        _repo.AddAsync(Arg.Any<Rubro>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(7);
+
+        await _handler.Handle(RootCommand());
+
+        await _audit.Received(1).LogAsync(
+            action: "rubro.created",
+            targetType: "Rubro",
+            targetId: "7",
+            metadata: Arg.Any<object?>(),
+            ct: Arg.Any<CancellationToken>());
+    }
+
+    // ── Happy path: child — uses GetMaxOrdenAsync ────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_HappyPath_Child_UsesMaxOrdenForOrden()
+    {
+        // GetMaxOrdenAsync returns the next available slot (MAX+1 semantics in the repo)
+        _repo.GetMaxOrdenAsync((int?)5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(3);
+        var parent = new Rubro(5, null, "ParentRubro", 0, activo: true, tarifarioBaseId: null,
+            fechaCreacion: DateTime.UtcNow, fechaModificacion: null);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(parent);
+
+        await _handler.Handle(ChildCommand(parentId: 5));
+
+        await _repo.Received(1).AddAsync(
+            Arg.Is<Rubro>(r => r.Orden == 3),
+            Arg.Any<CancellationToken>());
+    }
+
+    // ── Parent not found → RubroNotFoundException ────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_ParentNotFound_ThrowsRubroNotFoundException()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(999, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns((Rubro?)null);
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(ChildCommand(parentId: 999));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroNotFoundException>()
+            .Where(ex => ex.Id == 999);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_ParentNotFound_DoesNotCallAddAsync()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(999, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns((Rubro?)null);
+
+        try { await _handler.Handle(ChildCommand(parentId: 999)); } catch { }
+
+        await _repo.DidNotReceive().AddAsync(Arg.Any<Rubro>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>());
+    }
+
+    // ── Parent inactive → RubroPadreInactivoException ───────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_ParentInactive_ThrowsRubroPadreInactivoException()
+    {
+        var inactiveParent = new Rubro(7, null, "InactivoParent", 0, activo: false, tarifarioBaseId: null,
+            fechaCreacion: DateTime.UtcNow, fechaModificacion: null);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(7, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(inactiveParent);
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(ChildCommand(parentId: 7));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroPadreInactivoException>()
+            .Where(ex => ex.ParentId == 7);
+    }
+
+    // ── Duplicate name (CI) → RubroNombreDuplicadoEnPadreException ──────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_DuplicateName_ThrowsRubroNombreDuplicadoEnPadreException()
+    {
+        _repo.ExistsByNombreUnderParentAsync(null, "Autos", null, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(true);
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(RootCommand());
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroNombreDuplicadoEnPadreException>();
+    }
+
+    // ── Depth exceeded → RubroMaxDepthExceededException ─────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_DepthExceeded_ThrowsRubroMaxDepthExceededException()
+    {
+        // MaxDepth=10, parent is at depth 10 → creating child would be depth 11
+        _repo.GetDepthAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(10);
+        var parent = new Rubro(5, null, "DeepParent", 0, activo: true, tarifarioBaseId: null,
+            fechaCreacion: DateTime.UtcNow, fechaModificacion: null);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(parent);
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(ChildCommand(parentId: 5));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroMaxDepthExceededException>();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_DepthAtMaxAllowed_Succeeds()
+    {
+        // MaxDepth=10, parent at depth 9 → child at depth 10 is allowed
+        _repo.GetDepthAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(9);
+        var parent = new Rubro(5, null, "DeepParent", 0, activo: true, tarifarioBaseId: null,
+            fechaCreacion: DateTime.UtcNow, fechaModificacion: null);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(parent);
+        _repo.AddAsync(Arg.Any<Rubro>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(99);
+
+        var result = await _handler.Handle(ChildCommand(parentId: 5));
+
+        result.Id.Should().Be(99);
+    }
+}

tests/SIGCM2.Application.Tests/Rubros/Deactivate/DeactivateRubroCommandHandlerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+using FluentAssertions;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Time.Testing;
+using NSubstitute;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions.Persistence;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Audit;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Deactivate;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Entities;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Exceptions;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Tests.Rubros.Deactivate;
+
+public class DeactivateRubroCommandHandlerTests
+{
+    private readonly IRubroRepository _repo = Substitute.For<IRubroRepository>();
+    private readonly IAuditLogger _audit = Substitute.For<IAuditLogger>();
+    private readonly FakeTimeProvider _timeProvider = new(new DateTimeOffset(2026, 4, 18, 12, 0, 0, TimeSpan.Zero));
+    private readonly DeactivateRubroCommandHandler _handler;
+
+    private static Rubro LeafRubro(int id = 10) => new(id, null, "Autos", 0, activo: true,
+        tarifarioBaseId: null, fechaCreacion: DateTime.UtcNow, fechaModificacion: null);
+
+    public DeactivateRubroCommandHandlerTests()
+    {
+        _repo.CountActiveChildrenAsync(Arg.Any<int>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(0);
+        _handler = new DeactivateRubroCommandHandler(_repo, _audit, _timeProvider);
+    }
+
+    // ── Happy path: leaf soft-delete ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_LeafRubro_SoftDeletes()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(10, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(LeafRubro());
+
+        var result = await _handler.Handle(new DeactivateRubroCommand(Id: 10));
+
+        result.Id.Should().Be(10);
+        result.Activo.Should().BeFalse();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_LeafRubro_CallsUpdateAsync()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(10, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(LeafRubro());
+
+        await _handler.Handle(new DeactivateRubroCommand(Id: 10));
+
+        await _repo.Received(1).UpdateAsync(
+            Arg.Is<Rubro>(r => r.Id == 10 && !r.Activo),
+            Arg.Any<CancellationToken>());
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_LeafRubro_CallsAuditLog()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(10, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(LeafRubro());
+
+        await _handler.Handle(new DeactivateRubroCommand(Id: 10));
+
+        await _audit.Received(1).LogAsync(
+            action: "rubro.deleted",
+            targetType: "Rubro",
+            targetId: "10",
+            metadata: Arg.Any<object?>(),
+            ct: Arg.Any<CancellationToken>());
+    }
+
+    // ── Has active children → RubroTieneHijosActivosException ───────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_HasActiveChildren_ThrowsRubroTieneHijosActivosException()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(LeafRubro(5));
+        _repo.CountActiveChildrenAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(3);
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(new DeactivateRubroCommand(Id: 5));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroTieneHijosActivosException>()
+            .Where(ex => ex.Id == 5 && ex.Count == 3);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_HasActiveChildren_DoesNotCallAuditLog()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(LeafRubro(5));
+        _repo.CountActiveChildrenAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(1);
+
+        try { await _handler.Handle(new DeactivateRubroCommand(Id: 5)); } catch { }
+
+        await _audit.DidNotReceive().LogAsync(
+            Arg.Any<string>(), Arg.Any<string>(), Arg.Any<string>(),
+            Arg.Any<object?>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>());
+    }
+
+    // ── Not found → RubroNotFoundException ──────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_NotFound_ThrowsRubroNotFoundException()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(99, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns((Rubro?)null);
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(new DeactivateRubroCommand(Id: 99));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroNotFoundException>();
+    }
+}

tests/SIGCM2.Application.Tests/Rubros/GetTree/GetRubroTreeQueryHandlerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+using FluentAssertions;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Time.Testing;
+using NSubstitute;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions.Persistence;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.GetById;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.GetTree;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Entities;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Exceptions;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Tests.Rubros.GetTree;
+
+public class GetRubroTreeQueryHandlerTests
+{
+    private static readonly FakeTimeProvider FakeTime = new(new DateTimeOffset(2026, 4, 18, 12, 0, 0, TimeSpan.Zero));
+    private readonly IRubroRepository _repo = Substitute.For<IRubroRepository>();
+
+    private static Rubro MakeRubro(int id, int? parentId = null, bool activo = true)
+        => new(id, parentId, $"Rubro{id}", 0, activo, null, FakeTime.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime, null);
+
+    // ── GetRubroTreeQueryHandler ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task GetTree_OnlyActivos_ByDefault_ReturnsActiveTree()
+    {
+        _repo.GetAllAsync(false, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(new[] { MakeRubro(1), MakeRubro(2) });
+
+        var handler = new GetRubroTreeQueryHandler(_repo);
+        var result = await handler.Handle(new GetRubroTreeQuery(IncluirInactivos: false));
+
+        result.Should().HaveCount(2);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task GetTree_IncluirInactivos_CallsRepoWithTrue()
+    {
+        _repo.GetAllAsync(true, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(new[] { MakeRubro(1), MakeRubro(2, activo: false) });
+
+        var handler = new GetRubroTreeQueryHandler(_repo);
+        var result = await handler.Handle(new GetRubroTreeQuery(IncluirInactivos: true));
+
+        await _repo.Received(1).GetAllAsync(true, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>());
+        result.Should().HaveCount(2); // both roots
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task GetTree_Empty_ReturnsEmptyList()
+    {
+        _repo.GetAllAsync(Arg.Any<bool>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(Array.Empty<Rubro>());
+
+        var handler = new GetRubroTreeQueryHandler(_repo);
+        var result = await handler.Handle(new GetRubroTreeQuery(IncluirInactivos: false));
+
+        result.Should().BeEmpty();
+    }
+
+    // ── GetRubroByIdQueryHandler ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task GetById_Found_Active_ReturnsDto()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(MakeRubro(5));
+
+        var handler = new GetRubroByIdQueryHandler(_repo);
+        var result = await handler.Handle(new GetRubroByIdQuery(Id: 5));
+
+        result.Should().NotBeNull();
+        result!.Id.Should().Be(5);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task GetById_NotFound_ThrowsRubroNotFoundException()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(99, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns((Rubro?)null);
+
+        var handler = new GetRubroByIdQueryHandler(_repo);
+        var act = () => handler.Handle(new GetRubroByIdQuery(Id: 99));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroNotFoundException>();
+    }
+}

tests/SIGCM2.Application.Tests/Rubros/Move/MoveRubroCommandHandlerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+using FluentAssertions;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Time.Testing;
+using NSubstitute;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions.Persistence;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Audit;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Rubros;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Move;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Entities;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Exceptions;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Tests.Rubros.Move;
+
+public class MoveRubroCommandHandlerTests
+{
+    private readonly IRubroRepository _repo = Substitute.For<IRubroRepository>();
+    private readonly IAuditLogger _audit = Substitute.For<IAuditLogger>();
+    private readonly FakeTimeProvider _timeProvider = new(new DateTimeOffset(2026, 4, 18, 12, 0, 0, TimeSpan.Zero));
+    private readonly IOptions<RubrosOptions> _options = Options.Create(new RubrosOptions { MaxDepth = 10 });
+    private readonly MoveRubroCommandHandler _handler;
+
+    private static Rubro MakeRubro(int id, int? parentId = null, bool activo = true)
+        => new(id, parentId, $"Rubro{id}", 0, activo, null, DateTime.UtcNow, null);
+
+    public MoveRubroCommandHandlerTests()
+    {
+        _repo.GetDescendantsAsync(Arg.Any<int>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(Array.Empty<Rubro>());
+        _repo.ExistsByNombreUnderParentAsync(Arg.Any<int?>(), Arg.Any<string>(), Arg.Any<int?>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(false);
+        _repo.GetDepthAsync(Arg.Any<int?>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(0);
+        _repo.GetMaxOrdenAsync(Arg.Any<int?>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(0);
+
+        _handler = new MoveRubroCommandHandler(_repo, _audit, _timeProvider, _options);
+    }
+
+    // ── Happy path: move to other parent ────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_HappyPath_Move_ReturnsMovedDto()
+    {
+        var rubro = MakeRubro(8, parentId: 2);
+        var newParent = MakeRubro(20, parentId: 1);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(8, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(rubro);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(20, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(newParent);
+
+        var result = await _handler.Handle(new MoveRubroCommand(Id: 8, NuevoParentId: 20, NuevoOrden: 0));
+
+        result.Id.Should().Be(8);
+        result.ParentId.Should().Be(20);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_HappyPath_Move_CallsAuditLogWithParentTransition()
+    {
+        var rubro = MakeRubro(8, parentId: 2);
+        var newParent = MakeRubro(20, parentId: 1);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(8, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(rubro);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(20, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(newParent);
+
+        await _handler.Handle(new MoveRubroCommand(Id: 8, NuevoParentId: 20, NuevoOrden: 0));
+
+        await _audit.Received(1).LogAsync(
+            action: "rubro.moved",
+            targetType: "Rubro",
+            targetId: "8",
+            metadata: Arg.Any<object?>(),
+            ct: Arg.Any<CancellationToken>());
+    }
+
+    // ── Move to root (nuevoParentId null) ─────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_MoveToRoot_SetsParentIdNull()
+    {
+        var rubro = MakeRubro(8, parentId: 3);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(8, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(rubro);
+
+        var result = await _handler.Handle(new MoveRubroCommand(Id: 8, NuevoParentId: null, NuevoOrden: 5));
+
+        result.ParentId.Should().BeNull();
+        result.Orden.Should().Be(5);
+    }
+
+    // ── Rubro not found → RubroNotFoundException ─────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_RubroNotFound_ThrowsRubroNotFoundException()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(99, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns((Rubro?)null);
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(new MoveRubroCommand(Id: 99, NuevoParentId: 1, NuevoOrden: 0));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroNotFoundException>();
+    }
+
+    // ── Cycle detection ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_DirectChildAsNewParent_ThrowsRubroCycleDetectedException()
+    {
+        var rubro = MakeRubro(5, parentId: null);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(rubro);
+        // Descendant id=10 would be the new parent
+        _repo.GetDescendantsAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(new[] { MakeRubro(10, parentId: 5) });
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(new MoveRubroCommand(Id: 5, NuevoParentId: 10, NuevoOrden: 0));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroCycleDetectedException>()
+            .Where(ex => ex.RubroId == 5 && ex.NuevoParentId == 10);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_DeepDescendantAsNewParent_ThrowsRubroCycleDetectedException()
+    {
+        var rubro = MakeRubro(5, parentId: null);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(rubro);
+        _repo.GetDescendantsAsync(5, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(new[] { MakeRubro(10, 5), MakeRubro(15, 10) });
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(new MoveRubroCommand(Id: 5, NuevoParentId: 15, NuevoOrden: 0));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroCycleDetectedException>();
+    }
+
+    // ── New parent inactive → RubroPadreInactivoException ─────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_NewParentInactive_ThrowsRubroPadreInactivoException()
+    {
+        var rubro = MakeRubro(8, parentId: 2);
+        var inactiveParent = MakeRubro(20, activo: false);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(8, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(rubro);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(20, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(inactiveParent);
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(new MoveRubroCommand(Id: 8, NuevoParentId: 20, NuevoOrden: 0));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroPadreInactivoException>();
+    }
+
+    // ── Duplicate name under new parent ────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_DuplicateNameUnderNewParent_ThrowsRubroNombreDuplicadoEnPadreException()
+    {
+        var rubro = MakeRubro(8, parentId: 2);
+        var newParent = MakeRubro(20);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(8, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(rubro);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(20, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(newParent);
+        _repo.ExistsByNombreUnderParentAsync((int?)20, rubro.Nombre, 8, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(true);
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(new MoveRubroCommand(Id: 8, NuevoParentId: 20, NuevoOrden: 0));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroNombreDuplicadoEnPadreException>();
+    }
+
+    // ── Depth exceeded ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_DepthExceeded_ThrowsRubroMaxDepthExceededException()
+    {
+        var rubro = MakeRubro(8, parentId: 2);
+        var newParent = MakeRubro(20);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(8, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(rubro);
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(20, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(newParent);
+        _repo.GetDepthAsync((int?)20, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(10); // at MaxDepth
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(new MoveRubroCommand(Id: 8, NuevoParentId: 20, NuevoOrden: 0));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroMaxDepthExceededException>();
+    }
+}

tests/SIGCM2.Application.Tests/Rubros/RubroTreeBuilderTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+using FluentAssertions;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Time.Testing;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Common;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Entities;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Tests.Rubros;
+
+public class RubroTreeBuilderTests
+{
+    private static readonly FakeTimeProvider FakeTime = new(new DateTimeOffset(2026, 4, 18, 12, 0, 0, TimeSpan.Zero));
+
+    private static Rubro MakeRubro(int id, int? parentId, string nombre, int orden, bool activo = true)
+        => new(id, parentId, nombre, orden, activo, tarifarioBaseId: null,
+               fechaCreacion: FakeTime.GetUtcNow().UtcDateTime, fechaModificacion: null);
+
+    // ── empty ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_empty_returns_empty_list()
+    {
+        var result = RubroTreeBuilder.Build([], incluirInactivos: false);
+
+        result.Should().BeEmpty();
+    }
+
+    // ── single root ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_single_root_returns_one_node_no_children()
+    {
+        var rubros = new[] { MakeRubro(1, null, "Autos", 0) };
+
+        var result = RubroTreeBuilder.Build(rubros, incluirInactivos: false);
+
+        result.Should().HaveCount(1);
+        result[0].Id.Should().Be(1);
+        result[0].Nombre.Should().Be("Autos");
+        result[0].Hijos.Should().BeEmpty();
+    }
+
+    // ── multiple roots sorted by Orden ───────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_flat_list_with_multiple_roots_sorted_by_orden()
+    {
+        var rubros = new[]
+        {
+            MakeRubro(3, null, "Motos", 2),
+            MakeRubro(1, null, "Autos", 0),
+            MakeRubro(2, null, "Camiones", 1)
+        };
+
+        var result = RubroTreeBuilder.Build(rubros, incluirInactivos: false);
+
+        result.Should().HaveCount(3);
+        result[0].Id.Should().Be(1); // Orden=0
+        result[1].Id.Should().Be(2); // Orden=1
+        result[2].Id.Should().Be(3); // Orden=2
+    }
+
+    // ── tree 3 levels deep ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_tree_3_levels_deep_correctly_nests()
+    {
+        var rubros = new[]
+        {
+            MakeRubro(1, null, "Autos", 0),
+            MakeRubro(2, 1, "Sedanes", 0),
+            MakeRubro(3, 2, "Compactos", 0),
+        };
+
+        var result = RubroTreeBuilder.Build(rubros, incluirInactivos: false);
+
+        result.Should().HaveCount(1);
+        result[0].Id.Should().Be(1);
+        result[0].Hijos.Should().HaveCount(1);
+        result[0].Hijos[0].Id.Should().Be(2);
+        result[0].Hijos[0].Hijos.Should().HaveCount(1);
+        result[0].Hijos[0].Hijos[0].Id.Should().Be(3);
+    }
+
+    // ── filter inactivos ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_filters_inactivos_by_default()
+    {
+        var rubros = new[]
+        {
+            MakeRubro(1, null, "Autos", 0, activo: true),
+            MakeRubro(2, null, "Motos", 1, activo: false),
+        };
+
+        var result = RubroTreeBuilder.Build(rubros, incluirInactivos: false);
+
+        result.Should().HaveCount(1);
+        result[0].Id.Should().Be(1);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_includes_inactivos_when_incluirInactivos_true()
+    {
+        var rubros = new[]
+        {
+            MakeRubro(1, null, "Autos", 0, activo: true),
+            MakeRubro(2, null, "Motos", 1, activo: false),
+        };
+
+        var result = RubroTreeBuilder.Build(rubros, incluirInactivos: true);
+
+        result.Should().HaveCount(2);
+    }
+
+    // ── siblings sorted by Orden ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_orders_siblings_by_orden()
+    {
+        var rubros = new[]
+        {
+            MakeRubro(1, null, "Root", 0),
+            MakeRubro(4, 1, "D", 3),
+            MakeRubro(2, 1, "B", 1),
+            MakeRubro(3, 1, "C", 2),
+            MakeRubro(5, 1, "A", 0),
+        };
+
+        var result = RubroTreeBuilder.Build(rubros, incluirInactivos: false);
+
+        var hijos = result[0].Hijos;
+        hijos.Should().HaveCount(4);
+        hijos[0].Nombre.Should().Be("A"); // Orden=0
+        hijos[1].Nombre.Should().Be("B"); // Orden=1
+        hijos[2].Nombre.Should().Be("C"); // Orden=2
+        hijos[3].Nombre.Should().Be("D"); // Orden=3
+    }
+
+    // ── O(n) perf smoke test ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_is_Olinear_perf_smoke_test_1000_nodes_under_100ms()
+    {
+        var rubros = new List<Rubro>();
+        // root
+        rubros.Add(MakeRubro(1, null, "Root", 0));
+        // 999 children of root
+        for (int i = 2; i <= 1000; i++)
+            rubros.Add(MakeRubro(i, 1, $"Child{i}", i - 2));
+
+        var sw = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();
+        var result = RubroTreeBuilder.Build(rubros, incluirInactivos: false);
+        sw.Stop();
+
+        result.Should().HaveCount(1);
+        result[0].Hijos.Should().HaveCount(999);
+        sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.Should().BeLessThan(100);
+    }
+}

tests/SIGCM2.Application.Tests/Rubros/Update/UpdateRubroCommandHandlerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+using FluentAssertions;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Time.Testing;
+using NSubstitute;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Abstractions.Persistence;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Audit;
+using SIGCM2.Application.Rubros.Update;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Entities;
+using SIGCM2.Domain.Exceptions;
+
+namespace SIGCM2.Application.Tests.Rubros.Update;
+
+public class UpdateRubroCommandHandlerTests
+{
+    private readonly IRubroRepository _repo = Substitute.For<IRubroRepository>();
+    private readonly IAuditLogger _audit = Substitute.For<IAuditLogger>();
+    private readonly FakeTimeProvider _timeProvider = new(new DateTimeOffset(2026, 4, 18, 12, 0, 0, TimeSpan.Zero));
+    private readonly UpdateRubroCommandHandler _handler;
+
+    private static Rubro ExistingRubro(int id = 3) => new(id, null, "Autos", 0, activo: true,
+        tarifarioBaseId: null, fechaCreacion: DateTime.UtcNow, fechaModificacion: null);
+
+    public UpdateRubroCommandHandlerTests()
+    {
+        _repo.ExistsByNombreUnderParentAsync(Arg.Any<int?>(), Arg.Any<string>(), Arg.Any<int?>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(false);
+
+        _handler = new UpdateRubroCommandHandler(_repo, _audit, _timeProvider);
+    }
+
+    // ── Happy path: rename ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_HappyPath_Rename_ReturnsUpdatedDto()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(3, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(ExistingRubro());
+
+        var result = await _handler.Handle(new UpdateRubroCommand(Id: 3, Nombre: "Vehiculos"));
+
+        result.Nombre.Should().Be("Vehiculos");
+        result.Id.Should().Be(3);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_HappyPath_Rename_CallsUpdateAsync()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(3, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(ExistingRubro());
+
+        await _handler.Handle(new UpdateRubroCommand(Id: 3, Nombre: "Vehiculos"));
+
+        await _repo.Received(1).UpdateAsync(
+            Arg.Is<Rubro>(r => r.Nombre == "Vehiculos"),
+            Arg.Any<CancellationToken>());
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_HappyPath_Rename_CallsAuditLog()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(3, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(ExistingRubro());
+
+        await _handler.Handle(new UpdateRubroCommand(Id: 3, Nombre: "Vehiculos"));
+
+        await _audit.Received(1).LogAsync(
+            action: "rubro.updated",
+            targetType: "Rubro",
+            targetId: "3",
+            metadata: Arg.Any<object?>(),
+            ct: Arg.Any<CancellationToken>());
+    }
+
+    // ── Not found → RubroNotFoundException ──────────────────────────────────
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_NotFound_ThrowsRubroNotFoundException()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(99, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns((Rubro?)null);
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(new UpdateRubroCommand(Id: 99, Nombre: "Cualquiera"));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroNotFoundException>()
+            .Where(ex => ex.Id == 99);
+    }
+
+    // ── Duplicate name CI under same parent → RubroNombreDuplicadoEnPadreException
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_DuplicateNameUnderParent_ThrowsRubroNombreDuplicadoEnPadreException()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(3, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(ExistingRubro());
+        _repo.ExistsByNombreUnderParentAsync(null, "Motos", 3, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(true);
+
+        var act = () => _handler.Handle(new UpdateRubroCommand(Id: 3, Nombre: "Motos"));
+
+        await act.Should().ThrowAsync<RubroNombreDuplicadoEnPadreException>();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Handle_DuplicateName_DoesNotCallAuditLog()
+    {
+        _repo.GetByIdAsync(3, Arg.Any<CancellationToken>()).Returns(ExistingRubro());
+        _repo.ExistsByNombreUnderParentAsync(Arg.Any<int?>(), Arg.Any<string>(), Arg.Any<int?>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>())
+             .Returns(true);
+
+        try { await _handler.Handle(new UpdateRubroCommand(Id: 3, Nombre: "Motos")); } catch { }
+
+        await _audit.DidNotReceive().LogAsync(
+            Arg.Any<string>(), Arg.Any<string>(), Arg.Any<string>(),
+            Arg.Any<object?>(), Arg.Any<CancellationToken>());
+    }
+}